Here is a very easy to understand how and why you can
Have a ham radio qso with one of your friends In the next
town or state over.
For example, I am in MA and I really want to have a qso
with a friend in upstate NY. We have tried many times
nearly Impossible. So I wanted to understand and know
Exactly what I have to do to make this happen.
First refer to en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near_vertical_incidence_skywave
is a fixed amount of energy radiating. If we push it
all out in one direction (the near-vertical angles),
we have to take it away from another direction (the low DX angles).
Regular height dipoles or vertical antennas have a
lower take off angle and your signal may be
heard three states away, but not in your state
due to the skip zone. This skip zone is the
area between the maximum ground wave
distance and the shortest sky wave distance
where no communications are possible.
Depending on operating frequencies,
antennas, and propagation conditions, this
skip zone can start at roughly 10 to 20 miles
and extend out to several hundred miles,
preventing communications with the desired
station. The other term called ground wave
is where your signal does reach someone
closer. A ground wave signal can go up to
Some of this info was taken from NVIS wiki
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